Direct acting electric regulator



Feb. 2, 1937. E. JUILLARD D'IRECT ACTING ELECTRIC REGULATOR Filed Oct. 9,1935

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05W MWA/MM vm Patented Feb. 2, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Ernest Julliard, Lausanne, Switzerland, alaignor of onehalf to Ateliers H. Cnenod S. A., Chate laine, near Geneva, Switlerland, acorporation of Switlerlalid Application October 9, 1993, Serial No. 692,901'

In Switaeriand November 23, 1932 Clailna 'Ihe invention relates to a direct acting electric regulator, that is to say. a regulator which itself moves one or more regulating members without Y the assistance of a further source of energy.

5 It is characterized by the fact that its regulating device for the magnitude to be regulated comprises one or more small wheels or rollers moving along a circular groove in a. contact track, each roller being in contact with the groove at two points-and rotating about an axis inclined relatively to the contact track, the said axis constituting the geometric axis of a cone whose apex is situated at the intersection of the axis of the y contact track and the line vpassing'through the viii points of contact of the roller with the groove.

A constructional form of the regulator is shown by way of example in the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a diagram ci a regulator according to the invention,

i Figure 2 is a vertical axial section,

Figure 3 relatesto a detail.

'I'he regulator shown ,comprises a metal base plate I adapted to be nxed on a switchboard panel. The said base plate carries on its front face a metal lid 2-3 of rectangular form comprislng a glass portion l allowing the internal mechanism to be seen.

Among other things, the regulator comprises:

A device l measuring'the electrical magnitude which is to be regulated,

The regulating device 9 modifying the said magnitude'according to requirements, l

. An antagonistic device Il balancing the action of the measuring device.

A control device I l.

The measuring device is constituted bya rotating iield motor l arranged in an opening in the plate I. 'I'he motor 2 comprises a stator I2.

40 which is similar to those of induction motors, and through the winding Il of which there passes a current proportional to the electric magnitude to be measured, and a rotor Il in the form of a drum. The stator I2 may be wound for -threephase or single-phase current.

The shaft Il of the rotor Il is made of steel hardened in the region of its ends. It is supported by the hardened portions in two bearings, each comprising three rollers 2l of hardened steel.

Theregulating device 9 comprises the contact track 2l, situated at the rear of the plate I, and

a small wheel or roller 22 moving along the conss mutator similar to those of-dixect current elec-l (Cl. 20G-153) tric machines, has its axis horizontal and is iixed to the base plate I. Its copper segments are provided with grooves 25 at their iront end for connections 29 connecting the said segments to resistances 2l, which give rise to the desired regu- 5 lation during the movements of the roller 22. In the rear annular face of the said contact track 'there is machined an annular groove 24 of angular cross section, the two sides of which are inclined at about 45 to'the axis and which is enl0 gaged by the said roller 22.

The said roller, of graphite for example, comprises a rim having a semi-circular cross section,

. being thus in contact with the sides of the groo've 2l at two points. The two points of contact are l5 situated in a median plane of the contact track 2 I so that a straight line ll passing through them intersects the geometrical axis of the said track at 9|. 'I'he geometrical `axis 2| of the inclined mechanical a.xis`2| of the miler 22 also passes 20 through the said point of intersection 22. The result thereof is that the said roller 22, in its movement on the track 2 I mils without sliding on the'latter in the manner of a cone rolling on a piane. 'Ihe arrangement indicated has the two- 25 fold advantage of diminishing the rolling effort and of practically eliminating the wear of 2|, 22, due to the movement of the roller 22.

The axis 21 terminates at both ends in balls 9|, 9|. 'Ihe said axis rests by one of the said balls 29 3o in a pedestal bearing 22, and by the other 3i in a hole 32 of a part 2l belonging to a shaft 29. The latter is driven by the shaft I8 of the measuring device l through the medium of a crank 25. A stirrup 21 can pivot on the part 22 about a 35 geometric axis passing through the point il. 'I'he said pivot carries on one side of the shaft 29 a curved arm 42 provided with the pedestal bearing 22, and on the other side oi' the shaft 29 a weight l2 for balancing the weight of the roller 22 and 40 of the arm 4l.

The good contact necessary between the track 2| and the roller 22 is obtained by subjecting the said roller to a given effort due to two springs 29. 'lhe latter are symmetrically arranged relatively 45 to the axis of the track 2| and are attached by one end to the stirrup II and by the other to the shaft 29. The ball 29 is situated on a line parallel to the shaft 29 and passing through the apex of the groove 24, so that the pressures ex- 6 0 erted at the two points of contact are equal. Due to the balls 22, Il and the hole 22 in the part Il, the shaft 31 can respond freely to the pull of the springs. As the said stirrup 31 turns about au axis passingthe point Il. the maior portion of a small axial thrust from the frontto the rear on the rear bearing 45, and two small lateral .eiforts on the bearings 2li. The bearing 45 is a ball thrust bearing which reduces friction to a minimum. l

The shaft I8 is provided at its iront end with a pointer 12 moving over an indicator circle 13 and showing the position occupied at any instant by the roller 22 on the contact track 2 I.

'I'he antagonistic device I Il comprises a counterpoise 48 suspended in front oi.'- the plate from two thin steel bands 41, 48 winding in opposite directions to each-other on two steel pulleys 48, 5K0 of the same diameter keyed tothe shaft IB of the' measuring device. The two bands are secured to their pulleys by pins not shown inthe drawing. The band 4'I passes over an-addltional pulley 5I, supporting theweight of the counterpoise 46, and then winds round its pulley 48 in the opposite direction to the other pulley. It is .secured to the said pulley by a pin not shown,

which prevents it sliding on the said pulley 5I. 'I'he latter and the 'pulley 48 have relative diameters and positions such thatthe two branches of the band 41 are vertical. The band 48 is also vertical.`

Ihe control device II is situated on the front face of the plate I and comprises a resilient element and delaying means.

The resilient element is a spiral spring 51, one end of which is fixed to the shaft I8 of the device 8 and the other to a stud 5B on a disc I9 idle on the shaft I8. 'I'he disc 59 is mounted on a hub forming a bearing and meshes with a pinion El integral with a drum 6I rotating between two permanent magnets 62 and an internal iron core 83.

'I'he construction described functions as follows, assuming that the single-phase voltage of an electrical machine is to be regulated astatically:

'I'he voltage which is to be regulated is measured by the device 8, either directly or through the medium of a voltage transformer. T'he current passing through the winding I3 produces a l rotating eld which vexerts on the rotor I4 a torque corresponding to the value of the voltage. 'I'he torque is balanced by the antagonistic torque of the counterpoise 46, and the roller 22 occupies the desired position on the contact track 2| to produce in the machine an excitation corresponding to the conditions of voltage and load momentarily imposed on the said machine.

If these conditions change, the voltage applied to the regulator also changes, and the torque exerted on the rotor I4 varies. In the casein which, for example, there is a drop in voltage, the counterpoise 46 preponderates and the roller 22 is moved in the required direction for increasing the excitation of the machine, so as toraise the voltage. Due to the time constant or magnetic inertia of the said machine, the new condition of excitation is not established immediately, and the voltage will lag behind the movement of the roller 22 which, without the retarding action of the delay device, might move too far and have to return again afterwards in order to move forward again and so on for some length of time.

, 'I'he machine regulated by the present con-v -structional' form may be employed as servomotor for the regulation of another machine.

The measuring device may be designed to be supplied with direct current instead of alternating current.

The rotary part of the measuring device may also make several revolutions.

What I claim iszl. A direct-acting electric regulator, the regulating device of which for the magnitude4 to be regulated comprises at least one roller and a contact track comprising a plurality of spaced contact points and having a. groove in the form of Y at least a portion of an arch therein and having an axis, the roller having an edge, said edge being movable along said groove in the contact track, the edge of the roller and the groove having cross sections so mutually shaped that in any position they are in contact in only two points, each roller turningV about an axis inclined relatively to the contact track and constituting the geometrical axis of a truncated cone, said cone having an apex, the apex of said cone being situatedv at the intersection of the axis'of the contact track and of the line passing through the two points of contact of the roller with the groove.

2. A direct-acting electric regulator, the regulating device of which for the magnitude to be regulated comprises at least one roller and a contact track ycomprising a plurality oi' spaced contact points and having a groove in the form of at leastl a portion of a circle therein and having an axis, the roller having an edge movable along said circular groove in said contact track, the edge of the roher and the groove having cross sections so mutually shaped that in any position they are in contact only in two points, (said contact' track being constituted by a direct current machine commutator), each miler turning about an axis inclined relatively to the contact track and constituting the geometrical axis of a truncated cone, said cone having an apex, said apex being situated -at the intersection of the axis of the contact track and of the line passing through the two points oi' contact of the'roller with the groove. c

3. A direct-acting electric regulator, the regulating device of which for the magnitude to be regulated comprises at least one roller and a contact track comprising a plurality of spaced in and having an axis, the roller having an edge, and said edge being movable along the circular groove provided in the contact track, said edge having a cross section in the form of a considerable portion of acircle. so that the roller edge and the groove are only in contact in two points,

the roller turning about an axis inclined rela-v contact points and having a circular groove thereregulatedcomprises at least one roller and a contact track comprising a plurality of contact points and having an annular groove therein and having 'an axis,-the roller having an edge lmovable along said annular groove. the groove being of symmetrical triangular cross section in said contact track, the cross section of the roller being so shaped that the edgel and the groove are only in contact in two points, each roller turning about an axis inclined relatively to the contact track land constituting the geometrical axis of a truncated cone, the apex of the cone being situated at the intersection of the axis of the contact track and of the line passing through the two points of contact of the roller 'with the groove.

5. A direct acting electric regulator. the regu'- lating device of which for the magnitude to be regulated comprises at least one roller and a contact track comprising a plurality of contact points and having a circular groove therein and having an axis, the roller having an edge movable along said. circular groove in said contact track, the edge o! the roller andthe groove having cross sectionasoshapedthatinanypositiontheyarein contact only in two points. each roller turning about an axis inclined relatively to the contact track and constituting the geometrical axis of a truncated cone, the apex of said cone being situated at the intersection oi the axis of the ntact track and of the line through the two points oi' contact of the roller with the groove, and means whereby pressures exerted at 'the two points o! contact o! each roller with each groove are equalized.

, v ERNEST JUILLARD. 

